RAN DDRR

RAN collection of approaches and practices (2019). ''Preventing radicalisation to terrorism and violent extremism. Approaches and practices.'' Pp.130-200 https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/system/files/2021-05/ran_collection-approaches_and_practices_en.pdf

- "Individual mentoring and resilience training, for example by working on critical thinking, relationship skills, empathy, self-esteem, responsibility and the ability to self-reflect. Mentoring can be done by a variety of individuals, both professionals and volunteers, depending on the type of person and context (e.g. in prison, outside of prison). A prerequisite is that the mentor is credible and can build trust. - Specific conversation techniques, motivational interviewing, Socratic dialogue, moral dilemma discussion. These help develop “critical thinking skills”. - Family support and community engagement — this may involve relocation or living in halfway houses. - Counselling based on mental health, medical factors, religious, and/or ideological needs. - Coordinating and managing social and economic support for the individual from a range of state and non-state services, such as reintegration, development and employment. - If applicable, removal of tattoos. This helps move to new modes of identity and belonging. - Different tools such as films, books, speakers and visits to specific, relevant locations, arts or sports. These serve as “redirection” methods. - Administrative and legal measures to restrict and limit activities (e.g. social media bans, removal of passport, freezing of financial efforts, house arrest, deportation)."
 * (130) "Exit efforts are targeted at individuals who are (or are thought to be) affiliated with or associated with violent extremist (VE) ideologies or groups. These approaches involve setting up programmes aimed at changing extremist worldviews, away from embracing violence (deradicalisation), making them end their involvement in violent activism (disengagement), and facilitating their resocialisation into society. In order to prevent recidivism and facilitate rehabilitation, these programmes operate alongside whole-of-society counter-radicalisation efforts. Exit programmes facilitate both state security (reducing violence and recidivism) and human security (rehabilitation and resocialisation). These are sometimes brought together under the acronym DDRR — disengagement, deradicalisation, rehabilitation and resocialisation."
 * (132) "... there are two key types of intervention. Material interventions include practical advice or assistance on subjects such as housing, school choice, employment or dealing with the criminal justice system — these tend to address their behaviours. Immaterial interventions or nontangible interventions include mentoring, communications, and behavioural therapy such as learning to talk about injustice, anger or exclusion — reflecting on behaviour, discussing ideological and theological texts where appropriate, extending the network beyond the VE group, etc. These address their beliefs and modes of belonging. There is a requirement for joined-up and holistic interventions that cover both at some point".
 * (133) "Deradicalisation and disengagement programmes":