Framing literacy

Internal code: 5.2

Target groups: students

General description
 * 'Framing' provides an answer to two questions about a situation:
 * (1) What is it about? and
 * (2) What roles are present in the situation?.
 * ==> The roles are given once an answer to question (1) has been chosen.

Disinformation frames - see Paradigms/ Current Situation Tackling disinformation frames
 * This wiki
 * (Convening Series on Countering Disinformation. Strategic Insights and Questions) :
 * - Five lenses/ perspectives: Technology; information; education and awareness; accountability; relationship.
 * - Two levels: Fighting fires; Adressing systemic drivers.
 * - Three main roles: Implementers/ practitioners; Knowledge generators/ thought leaders/ Funders.

Interventions
 * AMITT

Impact measurements

Assumptions
 * See also: Paradigms/ Current Situation
 * Misinformation has real-world consequences
 * - (Loomba, S. et al. (2021)) ; Van der Linden, S. (2022) ) Impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent. Van der Linden: "Although researchers have debated the effect of fake news on the outcomes of major societal events, such as political elections, the spread of misinformation has much clearer potential to cause direct and notable harm to public health, especially during a pandemic. ... Experimental evidence has found that exposure to misinformation about vaccination resulted in about a 6-percentage-point decrease in the intention to get vaccinated among those who said that they would otherwise “definitely accept a vaccine”, undermining the potential for herd immunity. Analyses of social-network data estimate that, without intervention, anti-vaccination content on social platforms such as Facebook will dominate discourse in the next decade. Other research finds that exposure to misinformation about COVID-19 has been linked to the ingestion of harmful substances and an increased propensity to engage in violent behaviors."
 * - (Avaaz) "Disinformation has the potential to change public opinion, amplify an issue, and even change the course of elections."
 * - (The Royal Society (2022)) "The consequences of societally harmful misinformation ... could feasibly contribute to physical or psychological harm to individuals in future (eg through failure to mitigate climate catastrophe)."


 * On the Ottawa truckers protest :
 * - "Lurking below the surface ... is the same undercurrent of populism that powered the January 6 Capitol insurrection and the yellow vests movement: a powerful current fed by disinformation, conspiratorial thinking and deepening social divides."
 * - "The concept of the “red pill” – which originated in The Matrix films – has become a token for incels and the far-righters who hold that they are “awake” to the way the world really works."
 * - Queens University assistant professor Amarnath Amarasingam: "Populist movements are notoriously distrustful of government ... They don’t trust politicians, they don’t trust the media, they don’t trust academics, they don’t trust scientists because they believe that historically, this ‘elite class’ of society has always harmed those at the bottom, the underdogs".
 * - Roles: underdogs (self-proclaimed freedom fighters, support by Trumpists), elite class (divided parliament, resisting prime minister), innocent bystanders (negative residents).


 * (Carole Cadwalladr on Twitter) "If you report on disinfo, you become a target of disinfo."

Recommendations

Framing Literacy projects